Population Survey in Bangladesh
Survey is a major aspect in the field to tell through which the actual strength and number labor can be measured scientifically. There is no denying the fact that the survey of Bangladesh has undertaken in many times, but the criteria have been used as performance indicators that have not met targets. After the survey shows that many complaints have been received from the various regions where counting double, triple and even counting the people who forged fictitious been explored. The survey of the word originates from the census which comes from the Latin word censorship, which gives 'assess' and that usually means that the complete official count of the population of a country. In addition to population surveys, there are two types of surveys being done frequently. These surveys or counting agricultural farms and the economic survey or counting of economic units. All three types of population surveys, agricultural and economic-are on a regular basis, held in Bangladesh. However, as the population survey shows the numerical universe the country, all the surveys of others depend on the population survey as a practical framework for data collection.
Given the total population count, homes or land sporadically in villages was the ingredient of social life since the early days in the Indian subcontinent and the areas which now includes to Bangladesh. The system sustained in the Mughal period predominantly throughout his reign but chopped into disuse after the fall of the Mughal empire. The first population survey for the whole country in the modern line after the one designed for the Survey of Belgium, 1845, was established by the British Government all the way through India count territory today Bangladesh's ten-year 1881as a procedure. The survey population was in 1881 paved the way for a number of research studies the nature taken during 1769-1855 by the East India Company and the Crown 1858-1869. However, compared with up-to-the-polls minute, these surveys are disconnected, barely methodical and lack of standardization. The methodological challenge to determine the entire population of the field altogether actually counting heads made between 1867 and 1872. This was not a synchronous and complete study for the whole country and can be regarded as a dress rehearsal for the 1881 survey. With the 1881 survey, the survey system population every ten years was introduced throughout India, including Bangladesh. The system takes from the population survey every ten years ending with'1 continued in this part of the world until 1961. The 1971 survey was interrupted by the war of liberation and was subsequently held in 1974 after the creation the sovereign and independent Bangladesh. With the 1981 survey the pattern of taking ten-year survey and the survey was resumed in 1991 followed in due course. The next survey the country for 2001 is likely to start the decennial pattern survey in the first century of the next millennium. Thus, sovereign Bangladesh So far three population surveys based on the total count were held – in 1974, 1981 and 1991.
The survey to date the people of Bangladesh, particularly from 1981 onwards the survey are designed on the proposed United Nations Population and home study. The survey of the population of Bangladesh can be defined as the total process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing, publishing and disseminating demographic, economic and social issues related to the total population, ie in a specified time period at midnight on the night the survey, or the reference date of the survey. Data are collected from all persons in all geographic territory Bangladesh extends to all sites as Angorpota and Dahagram, and all offshore islands within the territory of the country's waters. Population Survey of Bangladesh also includes a housing survey or a survey of all permanent and temporary housing in the territory of the country that are actually in use as places of residence and its occupants night of the survey. The survey of the population of Bangladesh has the following characteristics:
• totally acceptable statistical operation authorized by a specific law and conducted by a government agency
• Details on the basis of individuals residing in housing and institutional households
• Explanation of the population preceded by the count of the floating population and traffic on the night of the survey.
• The immediate termination of the universal mind through a short and simple questionnaire format OPTICAL MARK READER.
• joining in the national population count based on the survey of housing in a single operation
• The simultaneous counting operations in all regions of the country
• creation and results of the survey within the defined intervals of every ten years
• In the virtual account, the three years preceding the survey taking is used in planning the survey and the period of two years in data processing, analysis and dissemination of the results of the survey.
Population surveys in Bangladesh behave under the command Survey 1972, as amended in 1981. Beginning with the 1981 survey, in accordance with modern practice treatment of the population survey as a statistical operation, the order of the survey authorizing the Director General of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics of the Statistics Division of the Ministry of Planning, as the authority responsible for taking the survey. In all previous survey, the survey authority is vested in the Commissioner of Inquiry which was in the Ministry of Interior. The survey from Bangladesh eliminates foreign nationals, including tourists and temporary visitors and lists all Bangladeshi nationals living in the territory of the country on the night of the survey. Bangladeshi nationals living abroad on the night of the survey, such as workers, students and visitors are not abroad are also counted. The warrant authorizing the survey to the survey authority to formulate a study plan for conducting the survey and a questionnaire to gather survey information in a standardized format. The order of study makes it mandatory for all eligible citizens of Bangladesh to provide answers the survey questionnaire to the best of their abilities and the refusal of an act punishable under Article 187 of Bangladesh Penal Code. Responses to the survey questionnaire must be given by the head of the family on behalf of all persons present in the household survey at night or in the absence of the head, the next senior person.
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The Feedback form is the heart of the survey takes and reflects the basic purpose for which the survey is taken. Since 1981, the survey population survey in Bangladesh have included two questionnaires-a short questionnaire or principal who is universally counted and the long questionnaire used in the sample survey. The sample is carried out after Master Account is to collect additional detailed information on the sampling of a portion of the population had. A feature of the short questionnaire noFigure of the survey is its Optical Mark Reader format or read the optical mark. Since 1981, the questionnaire survey in Optical MARK entirely pre-coded form has been used successfully in total account to collect information on population and housing fairly easily in the field record, reducing the capture time data and the complete elimination of human error in the data capture process. Specimen of optical mark reader forms used in the main survey has 1981 and 1991 are provided as appendices. Since the 2001 survey sample is planned to cover a fairly large segment of the population [about 20%] for reduce data entry time and error free input data, the sample survey questionnaire will also be in optical format MARK READER.
Topics included in the main survey questionnaire are of two types: the information collected for each individual and housing information. To meet the requirements of a questionnaire simple, brief and reader based OPTICAL MARK, only the key topics are included after a balanced consideration of several key factors. These include the priority national needs, the willingness and ability of the public to provide adequate information, the international comparability of information both within of the SAARC region and around the world and the human and financial resources available for conducting the survey to gather information. Formulation and completion the survey questionnaire contains most of the time of planning the survey, and usually ranges from two to three years. To ensure comparability of items successive survey stations are retained from one survey to another, and the addition or deletion of other topics in moderation. The questionnaire is completed on the basis of Several preliminary tests in actual field conditions and the control and guidance of the survey technical committee is composed of academic experts, representatives users of survey data and the business community, the legislative body of ministries, local governments and NGOs.
Topics are included in the survey include besides the central themes of the brief questionnaire, subjects in the questionnaire of the survey sample, which tend to be more specific to collection data flow rate compared with the type of benchmark data to the main survey. By way of supplementing the central themes of the brief questionnaire, the survey shows guest recent survey of the population in Bangladesh have included issues important demographic, economic and social over the individual and housing modules. In the individual module includes the following topics:
• Fertility
• Mortality
• Migration
• Physical disability and disability
• Causes of disability
• Income of household head and main sources of income
• State and institutional sector of employment
• Workplace
In the module housing and the home of the topics included in the survey were:
• Rooms and space
• Water supply system
• Toilet and sewerage facilities
• Cooking facilities
• Lighting and type of fuel and electricity
• Rent and housing costs for homeowners of occupants
The survey population is undoubtedly the largest single statistical operation, complicated and expensive which is a complex series of interrelated measures, which commits the country. A feature key recent survey of the population of Bangladesh is the preparation and implementation of a comprehensive curriculum that fully reflects the strategic objectives of the survey and identifies the various operations of the survey to ensure that occur in their correct sequence and in a timely manner. Bangladesh curriculum is divided reconnaissance activities in the following six stages:
• Preparatory work
• Register
• Evaluation of the recording quality
• Data processing
• Dissemination of results
• Analysis of the results of
Operationally, the six phases are not entirely separate chronologically or mutually exclusive, but overlapping and interactive. The preparation phase consists of several different activities and is the most difficult and time usually takes about of 60% of the total study time of the plan. On the other hand is the conceptualization of law through the successful implementation of key activities for the preparation phase that makes or breaks the survey.
Preparatory stage include:
Planning the timing of the survey or study time in the figure,
Fixation registration area size [EA]
Mapping work to divide the whole country in EA with the help of the mapping survey
Preparation survey questionnaire and printing,
Plan for registration of the survey, including recruitment and training of enumerators and field supervisors.
The Other activities are no less important. These include ensuring adequate legal basis for the study, the development of Budget Survey and the cost of system control, development of survey administration, PEQC plan and quality control, advertising plan the survey, data processing plan and curriculum for publication and dissemination of survey data and information.
The timing of the survey or timeFigure indicates the sequence and the estimated duration of each component operations of the survey The key date in the calendar is, of course, start and end dates of the general population register on which all others depend operations. Bangladesh poll schedule is usually obtained in the form of a rod or Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) chart, with bars separately for each main operation.
Budget Survey provides care financial estimates of the costs of each operation of the survey and is based in component costs and the estimated total cost of the operation of the entire survey. And the budget, along with the budget calendar is used as an instrument effective control of survey operations. Levels of expenditure in the previous survey survey classified by stages form the basis of preliminary estimates that have been modified to take into account general inflation and changes in scope. A special feature of the budget of the Bangladesh survey is the donor assistance foreign funds part of the total cost including foreign exchange costs of data processing and data entry of mercenaries and printing of questionnaires OPTICAL MARK READER. Total expenditures, including the amount of foreign aid in the Survey of Bangladesh, along with the expected attendance for the 2001 survey compared 1991survey in 1981 and are provided in Figure 3:
Costs Figure 3: Population Survey of Bangladesh
Cost Total cost of the survey in crore Taka Register as a% of total cost of the equipment cost as% of total expenses Other expenses as% of total cost of foreign help. as% of total cost
1974
1981
1991
2001 3.61
21.25
27.32
41.05 29.9
35.8
43.2
57.8 27.5
42.6
15.4
18.9 42.6
21.6
41.4
23.3 —
59.5
83.6
92.6
Data processing and dissemination, etc. Source: Survey Administration reports for 1981 and 1991. In short, average cost per person was about 2 in 1981 Taka detailed in nominal prices, including registration costs, equipment, data processing and dissemination, and all other expenses, which increased to Taka 3 in 1991. The average cost in 2001, the survey probably is projected at Taka 4.
EA Survey: Successful registration of field survey depends on the setting of the optimum size of the recording area and the segmentation of the country in areas of registration. For the purposes of counting, the target population is divided into four groups of population in households, population in institutional homes [such as hotels, hostels, canteens, prisons, hospitals, etc.] and the floating population, [ie, without roots or of the homeless population] and the people on the Transit [on the night of the survey]. The largest group in the country is the population in housing represents about 98% of the enumerated population and other groups around 2%. From the population register in housing, and housing is made on the basis of the size of households in EA is determined in the number of households an enumerator can be filled on the registration deadline field, which in 1981 and 1991, the survey was 3 days. The record size varies between 90 to 110 families a average of about 100. Division of the country in areas of registration is carried out meticulously for urban and rural areas separately with the help of even basic maps data.
Survey extends the concept of the urban areas of the survey to the survey. Currently, urban areas in Bangladesh are the four areas of statistical Metropolitan [defined as the area, including semi-urban areas adjacent to metropolitan areas], all municipalities and other urban centers including growth and Thana headquarters and study the concept of urban areas is of universal application.
Each EA has a geocode [a 7-digit hierarchical code that covers all major and minor administrative divisions of the country] and a separate map with a clearly demarcated border identified through important milestones on the ground is prepared for each EA. Preparation of EA maps is done through country wide field of operation to be performed by counting all homes and their inhabitants, EA in the confines of the base maps and is a major operation that takes most of the survey planning. EA maps are reproduced and completed each interviewer is provided with a copy to ensure accurate records and fields to avoid duplication or overlap between EA counting neighbors. Five EAs were grouped to form SAS or areas supervision and each supervisor is a copy of the sheet of SA. With a total of SAS EA and the number of interviewers and supervisors is reached. Selection of enumerators and supervisors for the purpose of the survey is conducted through another country – operating in all zonal dubbed Operation, carried out by the BBS area net work.
The Operation Plan is prepared. The plan sets the rules on advertising nationwide surveys and other operational components of the curriculum. Survey publicity using all avenues of the nation-wide publicity to the media in particular, speaker, drum beating, and other traditional media. Other operational components include scheduling of training and scope of the ZE SA issued through a hierarchy of master trainers, and logistical arrangements for materials survey including the shipment of books containing the survey questionnaire and the return of completed questionnaires and recording schedule. Specify the dates of registration training, including the mockery of all the enumerators and supervisors and the actual registration dates around the night of the survey specified are the other key elements of the operating plan.
The testing of various aspects of the operation plan, including the filing takes place a few months before the conclusion of the actual survey in all the ZE includes a Thana in an operation known as a pilot survey. The pilot study of the transactions for all stages of the survey including a registration processing and evaluation of results and providing feedback on the adequacy of the field organization, quality control measures and program training and help identify procedural deficiencies that could be rectified in time. Using OPTICAL MARK READER schedule for the filing of the survey has simplified and reduced by at least two thirds of the data collection time, while insuring nearly error-free data capture process. This in turn has substantially reduced the general data processing and tabulation time. In fact, the complete tabulation of the survey is completed within one year of registration of the survey usually took about five to six years in the pre-OPTICAL MARK reader survey. The use of OCR and other state-of-art data capture teams tend to reduce further the processing time of the survey data in future.
Survey results are tabulated hierarchically from mauz [and villages comprising mauz and Mahalla and room areas urban], union, Thana, Zilla, division and, finally, aggregated for the country as a whole. For the purpose of dissemination of study includes the publication several volumes, including the analysis report and national reports the district in each district of the country. These are supplemented by special reports on the recording quality Post the verification survey, survey analysis, Analytical report on urban areas and an administrative report on the operations of the survey. In addition to the copies, all survey data are available in machine-readable form on floppy disks and CDs.
Evaluation Survey: Post Registration Verification Quality: A unique feature of the survey is from Bangladesh subsequent registration as verification study is carried out immediately [usually 15 days one month] from the account. The aim is to check the overall quality of the survey master account by assessing the degree of coverage, errors of omission, ie or duplication of persons and the contents of error or mistakes in responding to the questionnaire survey. Typically, coverage error in the survey relate Bangladesh to the lack of people and families of the master account. This is due in large part of the high population density and the propensity to live everywhere, not just housing, but also in all types of structures. The increasing number of floating population and slum dwellers in particular in urban and peri-adds to the problem. Content or response errors relate primarily to record age, literacy and marital status. PEQC is done completely enumerating fewer record of the survey randomly selected areas in both rural and urban areas through a totally independent agency recruiting a different set of interviewers field. Survey results are compared with registration PEQC survey to estimate the coverage and response errors in the survey. The survey results however, are not corrects these errors, except that on the basis of net coverage error for the overall account of the country's population is adjusted and published as an estimate taking into account underreporting. The degree of network errors [amount of the fee is lost (-) and plus count (+)] in a recent study in Bangladesh were as follows
Survey publications: publications are the flagship products of the survey setting out the main results of the count of population and housing survey. Data primary always added in the figures, such as disclosure of individual identity is prohibited by the law of the survey. Aggregated data presented as figures of age, gender and geographical distribution of population and housing, households and population by type of housing, population distribution by level of literacy and years of schooling, participation in the labor force and urbanization in the computer, modern etc, using the data capture and data processing equipment of BBS survey data has been greatly reduced unit costs and time required to process data compared to the older form of transformation. Bangladesh poll Publications are reporting the following volumes:
Report on the count of preliminary study [released from the start, with or without correction PEQC]
National volume includes detailed information and analysis of national figures
District number of district wise data and detailed figures.
Community series data selected by the people and unions
Report from the sample survey
Report PEQC
Special reports on urbanization, housing, etc.
administrative report on the survey operation.
As a result of the survey data of long wait to become a great measure of current and lose their value for users. The aim should be to complete the final products of the survey within a year of survey taking. Origination with methodological improvements and survey 1981survey technology-based infrastructure and state of-art equipment have been implemented to minimize risks, reduce production time and ensure a survey quality. Maps of the area and exact date of registration are now the basis of the survey count that reduces the risk of under or overlap. EA maps based on a photo most recent air in this country are being developed to ensure better counts in urban areas in the survey coming 2001.OPTICAL based calendar MARK READER the integration of population and housing has simplified the main operation, ensure data quality. Also error-free data processing, together with the substantial reduction in data processing time have become aware of the likely use of OCR technology in the 2001 survey will further improve the quality of the survey in Bangladesh and reduce production lead time considerably dissemination of data on CD and other computer-readable data will accelerate the diffusion data and ensure the widespread use of survey data. Application status – technology in future survey shots are likely to do a survey in Bangladesh effective highly profitable public company with a large value for the nation and all users of survey data.
In view of the foregoing, it is clear that in order to meet diverse customer requirements BBS also provide special tabulation of survey data on diskette or CD. BBS is also increasing MNSDS-the minimum national social data set from Bangladesh based on the survey and corresponding survey data on the website for global use. The main challenge survey of population in Bangladesh is low risk, ie have the missing persons or entire families of the statistics. High population density and the propensity of people everywhere to live in housing and housing structures of all kinds. The trend in risk is relatively high in urban areas due to the prevalence of slums and increasing the waterline or the less shelter. As the population grows the risk is likely to intensify. The other risk is related to the problem of recording the correct age of the population, especially children and women and arises from a high illiteracy rate, preferably almost universal digital and the absence of a national system of birth registration. The resulting distribution of population by single age is very vague, graduation and grouping of age are therefore essential for the age profile. Age pyramid of Bangladesh, the main result of the survey population is a very approximate. The third test is the shortening of maturities in broadcasting Product Survey total is, the volumes of national and district reports for users. Despite the use of optical technology MARK has accelerated reader data entry time significantly since the 1981 survey, which still takes about 5 to 7 years for produce the full range of survey reports
About the Author
Kh. Atiar rahman has long been experienced in English articles writing. He was born at Meherpur in the former district of kushtia